Overview
A toothache, also called odontalgia, is an aching or sharp pain in or around a tooth or the jaws. The discomfort can range from mild and occasional to severe and constant. In most cases a toothache points to a problem with the tooth or its supporting structures, so persistent pain should be assessed by a dentist rather than simply masked with painkillers.
Causes
Toothache usually stems from a dental or jaw problem, such as:
- Tooth decay or a cavity
- A cracked or fractured tooth
- An exposed or sensitive tooth root
- Gum disease or a dental abscess
- Disorders of the jaw joint or muscle spasm from clenching
Symptoms
Beyond the pain itself, warning signs include pain when chewing, sensitivity to hot or cold, swelling around a tooth or the jaw, bleeding or discharge from the gums, and tenderness after an injury.
Prevention
Brush twice daily with a soft, fluoride toothbrush, floss regularly, eat a balanced low-sugar diet, and keep any dentures or bridges clean. Routine dental visits catch problems early.
Treatment
Relief depends on the cause. A dentist may treat decay with a filling, perform root canal treatment for an infected pulp, or address gum problems directly. Antiseptic rinses and over-the-counter pain relievers can ease symptoms until the underlying issue is treated.