Overview
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sits just in front of the ear, where the lower jaw meets the skull, and allows the jaw to move as you talk and chew. It is made of two bones separated by a disc of cartilage and surrounded by muscles and ligaments. TMJ disorders are common and usually settle within a few months. In some people only the muscles are affected, in others the cartilage and ligaments are involved, and many have a mixture of both.
Causes
Several factors can strain or damage the joint.
- Jaw injury or trauma
- Teeth grinding and clenching
- Arthritis affecting the joint
- A misaligned bite or jaw
- Stress and muscle tension
Symptoms are often made worse by chewing and by periods of stress.
Symptoms
Typical signs include joint noises such as clicking, cracking or grating; a dull ache in front of or in the ear that may spread across the face; headache at the side of the head; and limited mouth opening, occasionally with the jaw locking.
Prevention
Easing strain on the joint helps prevent flare-ups. Managing stress, avoiding very hard or chewy foods, not opening the mouth too wide, and treating teeth grinding with a night guard can all reduce the load on the joint.
Treatment
Many cases improve with simple measures such as pain relief, warmth, a soft diet and gentle jaw exercises. A stabilisation splint or repositioning device can relieve muscle strain, and for persistent problems a dentist or specialist may recommend further options such as arthrocentesis.