Tooth decay

Dental caries, also known as tooth decay or cavity, is a disease wherein bacterial processes damage hard tooth structure. Tooth decay describes the condition wherein the tooth, under a variety of harsh conditions, break down leading to the formation of a cavity. It starts with a hole/opening in the enamel. If this is not treated, it progressively reaches the deeper sections of the tooth, where the pulp and the nerves are causing the tooth to become sensitive to a variety of stimuli, a variety of gum problems such as inflammation and swelling, pain and ultimately tooth loss.

Tooth Decay
Causes
Poor oral hygiene: Irregular and improper brushing, not flossing between teeth.

Unregulated diet: Having too much of Sweet food ,Drinks jam, marmalade, even potato chips can lead to the formation of acidic by - products which damage the surface of the tooth enamel. This is the reason why most young children adolescents suffer from tooth decay.

worn out dental fillings :Tooth decay might develop again from exposed tooth surfaces.

Symptoms
  • Pits or holes as black Dots may also be visible in the teeth.
  • Tooth decay is discovered at an early stage during a routine check up.
  • A serious complication that build up of pus resulting from a bacterial infection in the centre of the tooth.
  • Infection may spread out from the root of the tooth and to the bones supporting the tooth.
  • Plaque and tartar also irritate the gums, and lead to a gum disease called gingivitis
Prevention
  • Fluoride Treatment: A treatment procedure utilizing fluoride in the form of gels, rinses, mouthwashes, and pastes can be done in the dental clinic and at home under strict dental supervision .
  • Pit and Fissure sealants: Restorative materials filled in the deep pits and grooves of the teeth.
  • Space Maintainers: Space maintainers in the form of bands, loops, partial dentures prevent space loss. This is an important criterion for guiding the permanent tooth to erupt in place after the loss of milk teeth.
Medications & Treatments
As in other infections, the disease cannot be treated by giving medicines alone because the decayed tooth structure does not regenerate. However, the progression of dental cariescan be stopped by treatment. When there is a hole in the teeth filling is preferred. In filling teeth, the decayed material is removed and replaced with a material such as silver alloy, gold or porcelain.
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