aligner therapy is an orthodontic treatment that uses a series of clear, removable trays to move teeth gradually. Each tray is designed to fit closely over the teeth and apply controlled forces. It is commonly used in general dentistry and orthodontic practices to correct mild to moderate tooth misalignment. Digital scans and computer-based planning are often used to design the sequence of aligners.

clear aligners are removable, transparent orthodontic appliances designed to move teeth in small, planned steps. They are typically made from clear thermoplastic materials and fit closely over the teeth like a thin mouthguard. They are commonly used in orthodontics to address mild to moderate tooth misalignment and some bite concerns. Treatment usually involves wearing a series of aligners that are changed on a schedule determined by the clinician.

Frankel appliance is a removable orthodontic device designed to guide jaw and dental arch development during growth. It is also called a “functional regulator” because it aims to influence how muscles and jaws function together. It is most commonly used in children and adolescents with developing bites (malocclusions). It is typically made for a specific patient by a dental laboratory and adjusted over time by an orthodontic clinician.

A Bionator is a removable orthodontic appliance used to guide jaw growth and improve how the upper and lower teeth fit together. It is most commonly used during growth phases, often in children and adolescents. A Bionator sits in the mouth and influences muscle posture, tongue position, and jaw positioning. It is typically part of “functional orthodontics,” where function and growth are used to support bite correction.

The Herbst appliance is a fixed orthodontic device used to correct certain bite problems, most commonly Class II malocclusion (a “retrusive” lower jaw relationship). It typically connects the upper and lower teeth with a telescoping mechanism that holds the lower jaw forward. It is most often used in growing patients, but can also be used in selected adult cases as part of comprehensive orthodontic treatment. Because it is fixed in place, it works continuously without relying on patient wear compliance like a removable appliance.

twin block is a removable orthodontic functional appliance most often used to guide jaw growth and improve bite relationships. It typically consists of two separate plates (upper and lower) with angled bite blocks that posture the lower jaw forward. It is commonly used in growing patients to help manage certain Class II bite patterns (often called an “overbite/overjet” presentation). It is made and adjusted by dental professionals as part of an orthodontic treatment plan.

A functional appliance is an orthodontic device designed to guide jaw growth and tooth position by changing how the muscles and jaws meet. It is most commonly used during growth, especially in children and teens with certain bite patterns. Some versions are removable, while others are fixed (attached to the teeth). The goal is typically to improve jaw relationship and bite function over time.

A **protraction facemask** is an orthodontic appliance worn outside the mouth that helps guide forward growth or positioning of the upper jaw. It is most commonly used in growing patients with certain **Class III** bite patterns (often described as an “underbite”). It works by applying gentle forward-pulling forces to the upper jaw through elastics connected to an intraoral appliance. You may also hear it called **reverse-pull headgear** or **maxillary protraction facemask**.

reverse pull headgear is an orthodontic appliance designed to pull the upper jaw (maxilla) forward. It is most commonly used in growing patients with a Class III growth pattern (an underbite tendency). It typically includes an external “facemask” and elastics connected to an intraoral appliance. Its goal is orthopedic change (guiding jaw growth), not just moving teeth.

facemask is a term some dental teams use to describe a thin, flowable resin-based composite layer placed to “mask” color or to improve adaptation of a restoration. It is most commonly discussed in tooth-colored filling and cosmetic bonding workflows. The exact meaning can vary by clinician, product system, and manufacturer terminology. In general, it refers to a light-cured, tooth-colored material used in thin sections.